Bingo: Marketing Mix

Marketing Mix Product Strategy †¢ Bingo positioned itself as chips with an Indian twist. The 16 flavours introduced at launch were carefully developed through R&D †¢ The initial offerings were a mix of potato chips and finger snacks †¢ The potato chips segment includes variants like masala, salted, tomato inspired by snacking habits of Indian consumers †¢ The offerings under finger snacks include Pakoda (Live Wires) and Khakra (Mad Angles) †¢ These offerings were further differentiated by providing SKU’s at Rs. , Rs. 10 and Rs. 20 Marketing Mix Pricing Strategy †¢ The main objective for ITC was to compete effectively with the existing players. Hence, ITC launched a direct frontal attack by introducing similar priced SKU’s †¢ ITC already enjoyed cost advantage over competitors through its eChoupal initiative. This also facilitated timely supply of raw materials †¢ ITC’s printing and packaging business also lead to high quali ty, cost effective and innovative packaging Marketing Mix Promotional Strategy Bingo was strategically launched at the time of world cup to cash in on the popularity of snacks among the cricket lovers of the country †¢ The advertising strategy revolved around slapstick humour and irrelevant themes to hold eyeballs, garner attention and interest, and stand out from the clutter †¢ ITC booked 10 to 15 spots per channel per day, 20 spots on radio stations supported by thousands of hoardings advertising the product.According to industry estimates, the total advertising spent in the initial 6 months were roughly 100 crores While its competitor Frito-Lay focussed on celebrity endorsements, Bingo chose a different route †¢ Since the product is aimed towards the young population, digital media was heavily used. For instance, the Bingo National Gaming Championship across 4 cities with more than 25000 participants †¢ Bingeonbingo. com and Mad Angles Twister application (Fac ebook) were other initiatives in online media Marketing Mix Distribution Strategy †¢ ITC already had a well-established distribution network through its cigarette and tobacco related offerings which were leveraged for Bingo Further, the company distributed around 4 lakh racks across all retailers to display the brand at all Points-of-scale †¢ Within 6 months Bingo was available across 250000 retailers in the country †¢ A crucial alliance with Future Group led to all future group retail outlets like Big Bazar, Food Bazar stocking only ITC’s Bingo †¢ HORECA (Hotels, Restaurants and Catering Sector), Local betel shops are all being used to distribute Bingo to a wide range of audiencesValue Proposition †¢ Variety and innovation in a largely undifferentiated market †¢ Foray into the â€Å"Health Snacks† segment by introducing Bingo as Baked Chips †¢ ITC launched Bingo in 16 flavours to cater to the tastes of the country †¢ Leveraged t he retail and marketing expertise of ITC Foods Market Share before Bingo 25% 10% 65% Lays Haldirams Others Market Share after Bingo Lays 12% 27% 45% Bingo Haldirams 16% Others

Purpose of Art Essay

The quote â€Å"Anyone who says you can’t see a thought simply doesn’t know art† by Wynetka Ann Reynolds. Reynolds is saying in this quote that you need some thinking or imaginations to see or do art. I think, If someone can’t see and figure that out, how can he draw or write music ? . In this quote Reynolds is saying that the purpose of art is thinking, like an imagination, imagination is the true inspiration of art. Without imagination we can’t have art. Also without imagination other items like philosophy itself cannot exist. The Art needs imagination or thinking. Art Should need imagination, for example, young children draws something unexpected, interesting even surprising for old peoples point of view, because they have lot of imaginations. Like they draws about speaking birds, talking dogs, those imaginations will give them more inspiration which eventually led them to be creative. A photographer must imagine what the end result will look like before snap the picture. Writer must imagine what his reader will see or comprehend when they have finished reading the article. Musician, whether creating a musical piece or plying an existing piece, must imagine what the music looks and sound like, and what those who hear it will hear, see and feel. Any form of art MUST involve imagination. Imagination is used in all aspects of life. Every inventor, artist, doctor, architect, â€Å"all people† use imagination. You have to be a creative thinker to produce anything. Which did not exist before It takes vision, imagination and intelligence to implement a new concept. The Artists should use imagination to talk or express their thought. Without imagination art itself cannot exist, it just will be one of copying thing without creativity.

Case Study of Tommy & Keith Pte Ltd-Free-Samples for Students

This is a letter in reference to the sale order that had been processed on the first week of May. Please let me highlight the contract specifications so that the particulars of the agreement or deal become clear between the two parties. It had been mentioned in the contract that the particular requirement for the company Lee & Lee, had been the replacement of the hundred units of photocopiers in the office. The particular problem faced with the existing photocopiers had been that, they were a decade old and the paper trays inserted into the photocopier machines were not automated. This means that the paper trays had to be manually altered or removed when the paper sizes were changed from A4 to A3. Therefore, the primary condition of the agreement that is reflected in the contract is that the new photocopier machine should enable photocopying both A4 and A3 papers without the manual alteration of the paper trays. Another important condition that had been mentioned in the contract is that the photocopier machines should have complied with the required specifications and the photoco pier machines should be delivered within sixty days from the date of signing the contract, failing which would result in the payment of fine from the seller company. Now, it should be made clear that the both the conditions had been successfully met. This means that Tommy & Keith Pte Ltd had made a delivery of a hundred photocopier machines within the first week of May. The major specification of the contract that the photocopier machine could photocopy both A3 and A4 sized papers without the manual change in trays had also been met. The photocopiers delivered by us facilitate the photocopy of the A3 sized paper with the mere pushing of a button. The machine has a manual feed slot for successful execution of photocopying the A3 sized papers. The need for the removal of the manual slot is not there in case of the delivered, COUSINS brand photocopier machines. Tommy & Keith is an organization of much global repute. We deliver a majority of the photocopier machines in Hong Kong. Being, the sales director of the organization, it is my primary duty to convey the fact that until date there has been both positive and negative feedback in regards to our products. However, there has been no official complaint that the products, which we have delivered, are different from what has been mentioned in the agreement or contract of the company. Furthermore, for us the motto has always been that â€Å"THE BUYER IS ALWAYS RIGHT†. Therefore, the particular requirement that had been the facilitation of the photocopying of both A4 and A3 sized papers without the manual change in the trays had been successfully met. Moreover, there has been no mention in the contract about the delivery of the photocopy machines with dual trays. Though it is a fact that the organization, Tommy & Keith had been clearing the single-tray copier units, that does not justify the allegation brought over by Lee & Lee. Moreover, this is the fact that has enabled the company to provide the tender at such a cheap rate. It is a mistake on the part of your company that the required inspection of the product had not been conducted before signing of the contract. It should be noted here that no further units will be delivered to Lee & Lee as the deal has been successfully closed. Alavi, H., 2016. Contractual restrictions on right of beneficiary to draw on a Letter of Credit; possible exception to principle of autonomy. International and Comparative Law Review, 16(2), pp.67-86. Fried, C., 2015. Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. Oxford University Press, USA. Schwenzer, I., 2016. Global unification of contract law. Uniform Law Review, 21(1), pp.60-74. Wirtz, J., Tuzovic, S. and Ehret, M., 2015. Global business services: Increasing specialization and integration of the world economy as drivers of economic growth. Journal of Service Management, 26(4), pp.565-587 End your doubt 'should I pay someone to do my dissertation by availing dissertation writing services from

Davey crockett Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Davey crockett - Personal Statement Example There are several versions of Crockett and each baffles definition. When an individual is highly controversial it means that either he was very famous during his time, or was not at all! The main contention articulated by the author is to disprove the extraordinary achievements of Davy Crockett in the battlefront, the mythical hero of his times, the man who allegedly never surrendered and died a hero’s death battering the enemy with his broken rifle. While correcting this faulty version of death, the author, however has appreciation for his oratorical skills, extraordinary ability to tell stories and his contribution to American politics, even when the going was tough for him. The pages of the history related to Davy Crockett are undoubtedly daubed in bloodshed. He was born in Tennessee on August 17.1786 and for over 49 years he was an honored resident of the state. In those years he gained national status as a frontiersman. In the political front, he was West Tennessees representative in Congress but was defeated in the 1835 re-election. Crockett knew the art of eulogizing the self and he promoted himself as the undisputed hero and a great frontiersman. He built his image amongst the public with the astuteness of a seasoned politician. Every stage of his life was surrounded by controversies and the author has done a reasonably good job to construct his version of Crockett, on the basis of available evidence. His first task is to separate the man from the tales that have engulfed his life. He was a man of humble origins and drank heavily. He carried out his political responsibilities well and he was almost a Marxist by conviction as was an advocate for th e cause of the poor. He put his political career at stake by condemning the removal of Indians to west of the Mississippi. In 1825, Crockett was elected to the U.S. Congress, and he vehemently opposed many of the policies of President Andrew Jackson,

Hospitality Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hospitality - Article Example ies became of incredible importance in the businesses, consequently Human Resource organization requirements to be cautiously well thought-out and implemented (Xiao 5). It ought to be able to overcome the effects of the varying earth of work, which advocates that individuals working in the Human Resources Department be alert of the effects of globalization, expertise changes, workforce variety, employment shortages, varying skill necessities, and employee participation. There has been extensive evidence done to determine the major cause that influences customers to return in hotels (Emir & Kozak). Many hotel businesses are undertaking extensive research to determine what may impress the customers and influence them to come back. Many five star hotels have concentrated on facilities they offer and the services they give their customers. The hotels mainly concentrated on reception services and house keeping ensuring their customers received quality services for them to return. Staff education is an important part as well as the major utility of Human Resource supervision and improvement; it is a fundamental path of encouraging staff and rising output in the industry. Through the improvement of the technologies and the entire business surroundings, workers are asked to be extra trained and qualified (Xiao

Principles and Practices of Leadership and Management Essay - 1

Principles and Practices of Leadership and Management - Essay Example In this paper, there are several contingency models which have been discussed to outline the theories of leadership in the society. Contingency Theory of Decision Making As per this model, the success of a decision procedure is contingent upon a number of instances of the situation. This involves the significance of the decision attributes and acceptance, the extent of relevant information owned by the leader and subordinates. Also, there is the possibility that subordinates will admit an autocratic verdict or cooperate in attempting to make a good decision when allowed to participate. In addition, there is the degree of disagreement among workers with regard to their favored alternatives. Path–Goal Theory The theory suggests that the leader should assist explicate the path for workers to achieve the group goals. This is where the leader employs particular behaviors in particular situations to intensify follower satisfaction as well as motivate efforts in the direction of task accomplishment. The theory recognizes four kinds of leader behavior which includes supportive, directive, achievement oriented and participative leader behavior. In instances where the task is taxed, the theory forecast that supportive behaviors of leadership may increase the workers' interest in task completion and encourage workers' expectations for an effective outcome. On the other hand, in instances where the task is complicated, then the directive behaviors such as explaining the task and emphasizing on rewards on good performance may increase the workers positive expectation (House, 1996). Normative Decision Model This theory exclusively focuses on providing prescriptions to enhance the decision-making process of the leader. It gives out a set of 5 different strategies of decision-making that range from directive decision making to a participative one. The finest strategy for making decision situations may be arrived at by answering â€Å"yes/no† to 7 questions based on a decision tree which may characterize the situation for decision-making. The significance of decision quality, the probability that workers would accept to execute the decision as well as the quantity of available information required for the decision amounts to some of the examples of situational considerations (Smith, 1984). Situational Leadership Theory The theory proposes that the effectiveness of leadership depends purely on the ability of the leader to customize his/her behavior to the necessity of the situation. For instance, the workers’ level of maturity. The function of the leader is to constantly evaluate and modifies his/her behavior to each workers’ task and psychological maturity to accomplish the task in sight. For example, when a worker happens to have lower maturity, then the leader should assist the employee on how to carry out the job. However, when a worker is more mature, then probably he/she does not require much assistance to have the work do ne. In this situation, it would be proper to delegate the task to the employee. Studies back the theory's hypothesis that low maturity workers mostly take advantage of the directive behavior. The theory has however been disapproved for its limited focus on only a single situational element, but it has played a part in the understanding of the effectiveness

Oil Production In Saudi Arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oil Production In Saudi Arabia - Essay Example With these statistics, it is undeniably true that Saudi Arabia’s contribution in the energy industry position’s herself as key player in the global economy. This paper therefore discusses the oil production in Saudi Arabia through understanding its history and development over the years. Statistics derived from organization of the petroleum countries (OPEC) in 2014 showed that Saudi Arabia’s value of exports from petroleum related products to be about $ 321, 723 million, and its current crude oil reserves standing at 265,789 million barrels. In a whole ,oil related products, natural gas reserves constitute about 8317 billion cubic meters. Pushed by the demand for oil of about 1000 barrels per day , Saudi Arabia has increased its production capacity to be about 9637 barrels per day; this is about 2507 barrels per calendar day refinery capacity. Last year, Saudi Arabia’s export earnings came from natural gas with 100030 million cubic meters exported globally (Bronson, 56). Before Saudi Arabia controlled its oil industry, the first king of Saudi Arabia Abd al Aziz Ibn Abd granted oil concession in 1923 to British investment groups who exploited, and utilized the concession granted. It is after the discovery of first oil reserve in 1938 that the concession agreement was changed to Aramco’s concession. It allowed an equal haring of profits between the company and the government on a fifty-fifty basis. With the discovery of large quantities of oil reserves in 1945, the use of pipeline was in evitable. The trans-Arabian pipeline company came into existence owned by Aramco’s group. After completion of the Tapline pipeline in 1950, it did collect oils from fields, and it was able to handle 480, 000 barrels per day. Tapline continued to operate with a number of challenges coming from within and externally and in 1982; it was forced to stop its operations in Saudi Arabia (Branson, 45). After 1982 and

Dialogue Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dialogue - Assignment Example In essence, the term described the groundbreaking cultural shift from uniqueness to seriality, from authenticity to replication, and from the original artwork to its inherent soulless mechanical copy. Me: As far as the communication and journalism is concerned, the concept has come under serious criticism, especially the lack of clear-cut and stable categorization from your writings (Benjamin 23). Indeed, a portion of the critics suggests that your writings provoke multivalent and ambiguous, rather than offering neat shorthand for transition from the traditional to modern culture. Your take please? Benjamin: Well, I think their basis for criticism is rather vague. In my essay The Work and Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility, I specifically emphasize on the concept of aura and the decline of photography, similar to other technological innovations. Further, I challenge the uniqueness and originality of photography due to the unprecedented replications. Benjamin: A programmatic analysis of the essay that I previously mentioned will show that I present the relationship between photography and aura as a clear-cut opposition. Thus, photography, as a medium of mechanical reproduction, is among the driving forces behind the decline, and thus destruction, of aura. I clearly assert that the element that withers in the era of technological reproducibility of artwork is its aura. In essence, the process is symptomatic, and perhaps extends beyond the boundaries of art. This is because photographic reproduction of original works of art endows them with accessibility and mobility, thus altering their fundamental mode of reception (Benjamin 24). In this regard therefore, the contemplation characteristic of the traditional spaces of museum and gallery submits to an eagerness for control and possession. Me: That is a very sensational explanation.

Health Care Costs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Care Costs - Assignment Example Physicians will benefit from the experience if they focus on a medical specialty that will lower the costs and improve health care quality with better patient outcomes (Porter & Teisberg, 2004). Health care reforms are expected to add 32 million people to those who are already covered and this will put new pressures on the system (Kovner & Knickman, 2011). There are ways to reduce costs like putting caps on prices and taxation of hospital income. Recommendation – one measure is tort reform (Brill, 2013) by re-inserting the â€Å"safe harbor† provision. This defense against medical malpractice lawsuits will address most of the costs involved in health care delivery by doing away with unnecessary procedures, tests, and treatments which are costly and being ordered by doctors just to be on the safe side. Feasibility – a â€Å"safe harbor† provision is viable because doctors will not be accused of medical negligence. If standards of care and treatment comply with benchmarks in medical practice and considered adequate, doctors will not charge so much or order so many tests. Hindrance – a barrier to this solution is political partisanship and strong political lobby. The medical-health care industry complex spent about $5.36 billion which is three times what is spent by the military-industrial complex for lobbying Washington so there is strong resistance. Address the central issue – implementing tort reforms will remove a major incentive for doctors to practice defensive medical practice by ordering so many unnecessary laboratory tests. This is one of the main cost drivers in health care and so tort reforms will encourage doctors to be more prudent; taxation will just make hospitals increase their billing to make up for the tax. If a cap is put on prices, it will not work either because quality might suffer as a result. Brill, S. (2013, February 20). Bitter pill: Why medical bills are killing us. Time Magazine. Retrieved

Need of HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Need of HRM - Essay Example Need of HRM: It is studied over the years that the Industrial relations in countries and regions have come under the influence of various situations and players such as economic imperatives, political philosophers, the role played by state in determining the direction of economic and social development, the business communities and the unions, the role of the colonial governments and their legacies. The objectives of the labour welfare have been achieved via freedom of the unions, right to strike and collective bargaining. (Syrian Desilva) Industrial relations shall influence the employers and employers’ organizations, so as to make them aware of labor law, labor welfare and the industrial competitiveness. Many of the organizations in Asia-Pacific are poorly equipped with this type of knowledge which can make valuable change in their policy decisions. These facts suggest that the employers’ organizations has to develop planned Industrial relations in order to nurture th e growth of Human Resource Management (HRM) policies for augmenting the competitiveness. It becomes a matter of debate that in view of HRM policies whether the labour markets are to be deregulated or not. The objectives should be properly understood and legitimate areas of legal prescription are to be carefully identified. In the Industrial relations the efficiency of the labours plays a vital role. Inequality makes the labours inefficient.

“Love” in Carol Ann Duffy’s Valentine Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Love† in Carol Ann Duffy’s Valentine Essay Many people usually see â€Å"love† only one side especially when they deeply fall in love with someone. There are a lot of poems that respond the feeling of these falling in love people about how beautiful love is. It is true that love is beautiful. On the other hand, for me sometimes love is also painful. I really like the sentence that â€Å"love is color-blind† because this sentence can show not only the positive side of love but also the negative side of love. So does Carol Ann Duffy’s Valentine. On Valentine’s day, many people will neatly prepare the present such as a red rose, a cute card, or something that extremely beautiful and worthwhile for their beloved couples but Carol Ann Duffy thinks that these presents are predictable. Carol Ann Duffy says that she will give an onion to whom she loves. Why onion? It is because an onion represents both sides of love. Love has many layers like an onion. You may waste your time for many people who are not the right one for you and will face many problems and barriers that you and your love have to fight for love before you will find â€Å"true love.† Along this way, sometimes you will be sad and cry many times like an onion when you peel it because an onion can make your tears. In contrast, you can say that the nature of an onion can refer to the levels of happiness that happiness has many levels itself. Sometimes it means comfort and memories but sometimes it means like a firework. In addition, Carol Ann Duff compares an onion to the moon too. Although the moon is wrapped in brown paper, it still has light. Like love, no matter what is going to happen, it is still light and beautiful. On the contrary, the moon is the sign of sorrow opposite of the sun. At first when you see the moon, you may consider that it is extremely beautiful but if you see it much closer, you will see it is rough. It is not so beautiful as you firstly see it from the far. It is like an onion because you will think it causes nothing until you peel it. In other word, it is like love. You cannot know that love can also hurt you whether you face it yourself. It takes time to know how painful love can be like it takes way to know how rough the moon is. Carol Ann Duffy tries to tell about the truth of love as she says â€Å"I am trying to be truthful†. You have chances to choose â€Å"to love or not to love† whether you choose â€Å"to love†, you should know that love is no t always end of happiness. It is like when you have the proposal. It is optional. You can choose to be still alone or to walk together with your love. Love will be possessive and honest as long as we walk along together or love can bring heartache if we do not get along well. If you agree the proposal, your life will be changed. If you are married, the wedding ring will stay on your left ring finger to show love between you and your love and it will stay forever if you get along well like the smell of an onion that will stick to your fingers when you peel it. But if not love can be deadly. You can get the suicide holding the knife if you are really disappointed â€Å"Its platinum loops shrink to a wedding ring, if you like. Lethal. Its scent will cling to your fingers, cling to your knife.† In my opinion, the knife also has two sides. It depends on you that you can use the knife in the useful way as the real knife can be used in your daily life. You can be a good wife with the knife because you can use knife to make amazing food for your husband. Conversely, you can also use the knife to make a tragedy scene. Therefore, you can choose your way by yourself. Love is always bitter-sweet. No one will be happy or sad about love all the time. Love has both sides itself. It can fulfill your hope or make you upset. Hence, Carol Ann Duffy’s Valentine is the poem that builds the realistic portray of love to make the reader be aware of love because love is not always beautiful, sometimes it is painful.

Programming and Commercial Effects on Children Essay Example for Free

Programming and Commercial Effects on Children Essay Many parents are not aware that commercial programming can have the same effect on childs cognitive learning as the programming the children are watching. The Merriman-Webster (2012) dictionary defines cognitive as, Of relating to, being, or involving conscious intellectual activity (as thinking, reasoning, or remembering). Research has been done on childrens programming as well as commercial television to show the effects on todays youth. Even though suggestive adult humor can be found in childrens programming, the impact commercials have toward children is just as important to watch. Television can provide opportunity for children to learn however it should not be a teacher or babysitter for todays youth. Questions like, If a program is scheduled at all hours of the day and into the night, does this make it appropriate for younger children to watch? should be just one of the many parents should ask when allowing children to watch specific television programming. Intentional or not, programmers use television to influence todays youth. With todays ability to view childrens programming on a multitude of different stations and different channels for each station, it is amazing on how much of todays programming for young children have hidden layers of adult humor. Television writers put subtle instances of adult humor in to childrens programming which allows for them to draw in ratings from a wider range of viewers. Rice (2009) conducted a study on popular childrens cartoon SpongeBob SquarePants in which it states the show is directed toward an age group of approximately 2 to 11 year olds, however research shows that it has a variety of audiences in all age groups. Nearly a quarter (22%) of the viewers ranged from ages 18 to 49. Along with this research, Rice also notes on the schedule of the show to emphasize how it is directed toward a large range of viewers. The show was slotted to air between early morning hours to even later hours, up until close to midnight which by then most of the targeted age group would ave been in bed for a few hours by the time of airing. Rice also recorded subject analysis data for several age groups. In information collected from high school students, the majority of them seem to identify with the shows side kick known as Patrick Star. A large majority of respondents say they watch the show because it is funny, entertaining, and hilarious (Rice, 2009, paragraph, 46). On the other hand, when college students were polled they more or less chose to watch because it helped them unwind from a stressful day, possibly like a treat for their bran after a hard day of class work. If a show that is targeted for a much younger age group has a relaxing type of effect, it would be interesting to see how it influences the target age group. When childrens programming is actually aimed towards a large range of viewers how adults choose what their children should watch could have an important impact on how they develop. In recent, years television networks an writers have taken a more proactive approach in educating youth through television programming. Some of this can be seen by the creation of junior channels. Channels like Nick Jr. or Disney Jr. ave created programming geared toward preschoolers and toddlers that use colors and characters to peak their interests. One of the more influential television stations that support child develop has been the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). PBS has had constant influence in child development with shows like Sesame Street and Barney Friends and now offer new programming like Bob the Builder, Teletubbies and Thomas Friends. These shows focus on learning in the early stages of a preschoolers development by reaching the alphabet, numbers, dancing, singing and even emotional responses. According to The Journal of Media Literacy (2012), To capture and hold viewer attention, each Dora episode features a linear narrative shaped around a high-stakes adventure with serious consequences. It calls upon viewers to interact with the television to help Dora overcome a series of structured challenges. When children hear that they did a good job or a positive response, they tend to want to interact more and thus keeps them interested in the programming. Along with current programming on television, networks have started developing DVDs to sell to parents when current programming might not peak a childs interests. Big Companies like Disney, the Brainy Baby Company and Sesame Workshop have started developing age specific programming. When a large company starts to invest in developmental programming, it gives a better sense of satisfaction as the brand is well known. DVD series like Baby Einstein, Brainy Baby and Sesame Beginnings all have their own niche and targeted age range however all promote development and learning. Kikorian, Wartella, and Anderson (2008) state shows like Baby Einstein target viewers from as young as one month old and covers a wide range of topics such as music, art, language and poetry while Sesame Beginnings targets children starting at six months of age. This show features younger versions of the Muppets of Sesame Street and promote interaction between children and their caregivers. Kikoran et al. (2008) also discussed the unique effect of television on children under the age of two and suggests that some research shows that exposure to television during the first few years of life may be associated with poorer cognitive development. This question could be geared toward the overall television experience which includes commercials and the actual programming. With the importance of what is appropriate for children to watch in television, parents seem to be more concerned with actual programming then what is played in between. However, studies have shown that these commercials can be just as influential to our youth. With promotion of movie trailers, current television shows and video games violence is in pure view for children to see and it is less monitored then the actual program. In order to track this data, the authors in an article in the Journal of Advertising had to define how children and their parents viewed violence. For the children defining violence was much more broad as one child responded with, Violent is fighting with weapons, with swords, blood, and gore and another stated, Violence is bleeding really bad. Sometimes its when somebody falls down and theyre scratched or bleeding really bad (Brocato et al. 2010). Parents were more unified with defining violence with violence consisting of blood, gore and death. Children seem to think that it is the mother that stresses the importance of them not watching while the fathers feel it is alright as long as they are watching it with them. Both parents shared a common theme in that the commercials are not the issue but the actual programming. Parents also shared that by being present they could address sensitive issues like violence when it happens. Reading through the study it was surprising to see possible limitations that could have address more issues. Parents could have been asked while being present when the issue arose how did the child react to the situation. Another question that might have been asked is how did the child react to the actual discussion about the topic. Was the child more interested in the programming or on what the parents had to say. Ultimately the article had a good basis for what were the more glaring issues and how both the parents and children valued what was played in commercials. Intentional or not, programmers use television to influence todays youth. This could be from how they act from watching their favorite television program, to desiring a new toy or video game that was currently seen on a commercial. Parents should take the time to watch what their children are watching. One way to see how a childs favorite program can affect them is to watch the program without the child and then with the child. When watched alone write down instances that might be inappropriate or that draw questions. As the child sits through the program watch how they react to certain situation and then discuss with them on what is positive and what is negative. With correct supervision and discussions, parents have the ability to be a part of the education process with todays youth.

Flag State Jurisdiction On The High Seas International Law Essay

Flag State Jurisdiction On The High Seas International Law Essay This essay will focus on the internationally recognized right of hot pursuit and the rights and duties that lay upon the coastal states pursuing ships (pursuing aircrafts will not be included here). Since article 23 of the Geneva Convention on the High Seas (1958) has been revised into article 111 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the following text will therefore mainly refer to the latter convention. It is important to notice that both conventions reflect international customary law in this area. This gives the conditions that are set up in the conventions a wider significance, since not only the states that have adopted the conventions are bound by the right of hot pursuit stated there. The focus will be on the following questions: What is the nature of hot pursuit and what are the international legal conditions that have to be fulfilled in order to exercise it? What is the objective of the right of hot pursuit? To answer the latter question, the focal point will be on what function the hot pursuit actually fill since it at first sight could be seen as a way for the coastal state to extend their sovereignty and jurisdiction to include foreign ships on the high seas, something that in general is supposed to be reserved to the flag state. Hot pursuit is not the only exception to the flag state principle. As will be seen below, piracy, slave trade, unauthorized broadcasting and major pollution incidents are other examples of exceptions to the flag state principle, but, given the limited scope of this essay, there would not be much said about each exception if all of them were included in this essay. 1.2. Purpose and disposition The purpose of this essay is to clarify the international recognized conditions for a state to exercise the relatively extensive right of hot pursuit and to critically examine the objectives of this right. Since this is a rather far-reaching right, being a derogation from the general rule prohibiting any interference by a state with non-national ships on the high seas, it is important to examine the original objectives behind hot pursuit and what function it actually fills. Since this is a rather far-reaching right that is limiting the jurisdiction of the flag state on the high seas (and in a way therefore also affect the freedom of the high seas), The essay will have the following disposition: First, the freedom of the high seas will be described in short together with the principle of flag state jurisdiction (section 2), to give a sufficient background to the reader. Thereafter, the circumstances which serve as prerequisites for the exercise of hot pursuit will be examined. 2. Jurisdiction on the high seas 2.1. The freedom of the high seas an overview Ever since the eighteenth century the high seas  [1]  have been open to all states, with no state able to claim sovereignty over any part of it. This concept, called the freedom of the high seas, was developed as opposed to the closed seas-principle which was claimed by Portugal and Spain in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, leading to a division of the seas of the world between the two powers in 1506.  [2]  However, the high seas are nowadays subject to res communis and the general rule is that states cannot in principle control the activities and the whereabouts of other states on the high seas.  [3]  The freedom of the high seas has been traditionally established in customary international law but the first draft of codification was formulated in the Resolution on the Laws of Maritime Jurisdiction by the International Law Association in 1926, which declared that no state may claim any right of sovereignty over any portion of the high seas or place any obstacle to the free and full use of the high seas  [4]  . The principle of the freedom of the high seas was eventually also declared in the Geneva Convention on the High Seas (1958) as well as in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the first hereinafter referred to as GCHS and the latter as UNCLOS). These conventions clarified international customary law and made it easier to comprehend. Some articles in the conventions will be brought into light in the text below in order to give a clear and fuller view of the subjects presented. Some of the key-principles regarding the high seas are stated in article 2 GCHS and article 87 and 89 UNCLOS, which affirm that the high seas are open to all states and that no state may validly purport to subject any part of them to its sovereignty. Furthermore, article 87 UNCLOS states that the freedom of the high seas includes inter alia the freedoms of navigation, overflight, laying of submarine cables or pipelines, the construction of artificial islands and other installations permitted under international law, fishing and scientific research. However, these freedoms are to be exercised with due regard for the interests of other states and for the rights under the convention with respect to activities in the area (meaning the International Seabed Area  [5]  ). Worth noting is also that the high seas are reserved for peaceful purposes (article 88, UNCLOS). 2.2. Flag state jurisdiction Thus, the high seas have relatively far-reaching freedoms for all states, but there must however be some kind of maintenance of order and jurisdiction so that these freedoms do not get violated and used in a wrongful way by any state and so that wrongful acts on the high seas do not go unpunished. The main rule is that the state which has granted to a ship the right to sail under its flag (the flag state) has the exclusive right to exercise legislative and enforcement jurisdiction over its ships on the high seas.  [6]  It is accordingly the flag state that enforces the rules and regulations of its own municipal law as well as international law.  [7]   The general principle that the flag state alone may exercise jurisdictional rights over its ships was elaborated in the Lotus-case (1927) where the Permanent Court of International Justice held that vessels on the high seas are subject to no authority except that of the state whose flag they fly  [8]  .  [9]  The flag state-principle is nowadays also stipulated in article 92 UNCLOS (and article 6 GCHS), where it is stated that ships must sail under the flag of one state only and that they will, as a general rule, be subject to that states exclusive jurisdiction on the high seas. Each state sets up its conditions for the grant of its nationality to ships, for registration of ships and for the right to fly its flag. This was declared by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in the M/V Saiga (No.2) case, where one concluded that the determination of the criteria and procedures for granting and withdrawing nationality to ships are parts of the flag states exclusive ju risdiction.  [10]   The nationality of the ship depends accordingly upon the flag the ship flies, but there must be a genuine link between the state and the ship.  [11]  The requirement of a genuine link was intended to counter the use of flags of convenience (often operated by states such as Liberia and Panama) where states grant their nationality to ships looking for favorable taxation and work- and social agreements.  [12]  However, if a ship sails under the flags of more than one state according to convenience, the ship does not have any nationality in a juridical point of view and may therefore be boarded and seized on the high seas by any state. This is to be compared with ships that do have a flag, which (as a general rule) only can be boarded and seized by its own flag state on the high seas.  [13]   Worth mentioning is that there are also some duties and responsibilities attached to the flag state jurisdiction, such as the obligation to legislate to make it an offence to break or injure submarine cables and pipelines under the high seas. Furthermore, the flag state also has to provide for compensation in case such an offence occurs and to adopt and enforce legislation dealing with assistance to ships in distress in compliance with international duties regarding safety at sea.  [14]   When it comes to warships and ships owned or operated by a state where they are used only on governmental non-commercial service, the exclusivity of the flag state-principle is applicable without exception. As can be read in articles 95 and 96, UNCLOS, those ships have complete immunity from the jurisdiction of other states than its flag state.  [15]  Though, the principle of flag state jurisdiction on the high seas is not absolute. It is subject to some exceptions in which third states may share enforcement or legislative jurisdiction (or both) together with the flag state. In the following, the focus will be on the exception of hot pursuit, but some other exceptions worth mentioning are: piracy, unauthorized broadcasting, slave trade, drug trafficking and major pollution incidents.  [16]  The right of hot pursuit is however different from the other exceptions to the flag state principle, since the right of hot pursuit derives from jurisdiction under the territorial (+ EEZ a nd continental shelf?) principle whereas enforcement related to slave trade and piracy (for example) derives from jurisdiction based on the universality principle.  [17]   3. Hot pursuit an exception to flag state jurisdiction 3.1. Historical background and objective When a foreign ship has infringed the rules of a costal state, the right of hot pursuit makes it possible for the state to pursue and seize the ship outside its territorial sea in order to ensure that the ship does not escape punishment by fleeing to the high seas. This principle limits the freedom of the high seas and represents an exception to the exclusive jurisdiction of the flag state on the high seas, since it makes it possible for the coastal state to follow and seize a ship registered in another flag state and in this way extend its jurisdiction onto the high seas.  [18]   The right of hot pursuit is an act of necessity which is institutionalized and restricted by state practice. It emerged in its present form in Anglo-American practice in the first half of the nineteenth century.  [19]  In England there was an old rule of fresh pursuit where the role of the pursuer was played by a mere individual, unlike todays hot pursuit where the pursuer must be played by a person in his official capacity or by a member of a certain authority (see below).  [20]  The principle has now been recognized in international customary law for a long time. The Im alone-case, 1935, can lead as an example, where it was stated that warships or military aircrafts of a state are allowed to engage in hot pursuit if a foreign ship has violated that states laws within its internal waters or territorial sea and to make an arrest on the high seas.  [21]  The Hague Codification of 1930 served as an evidence of general recognition of the right of hot pursuit by states when i t provided the basis for the draft article adopted by the International Law Commission which later on became article 23 of the Geneva Convention on the High Seas of 1958.  [22]   The objective of the right of hot pursuit is to make it possible for states that are exposed to delicts made by non-national ships to bring the escaping offenders before its jurisdiction. In this way the high seas may not provide a safe haven for ships having committed a delict within a states maritime jurisdictional zones. Hot pursuit could be seen as contrary to the exclusive principle of flag state jurisdiction on the high seas, but seen in the light of the high seas, it is not reckless to conclude that the right of hot pursuit is in accord with the objective of order on the high seas.  [23]  Moreover, the right of hot pursuit has a preventive function derived from the psychological effect of the increased disciplinary rights that the violated coastal state is entitled to. The psychological effect is not to be underestimated since it could prevent wrongdoers to undertake illegal activity, knowing that they may be pursued, arrested and punished by the authorities of the state w hose laws have been violated.  [24]   Pursuit onto the high seas does not offend the territorial sovereignty of any state and it involves no intrusion into foreign territory since there is no sovereign to the high seas, except the state of the flag. To let the flag state principle stand in the way for effective administration of justice when a ship has committed a delict in another states juridical maritime zones has been seen as disproportionate, hence hot pursuit has become an international right for coastal states, regardless of the flag of the ship. Furthermore, the right of hot pursuit is a right of necessity since the coastal state would not be able to enforce its laws and regulations against fleeing ships without being able to pursue them.  [25]   3.2. Legal status As mentioned above (section 2.1.), the right of hot pursuit was codified and recognized by states in the Hague Codification in 1930, which led to the development of article 23 of the Geneva Convention on the High Seas (1958). The provisions on hot pursuit in article 23 GCHS was thereafter essentially reproduced in article 111 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982), comprising the new developments in the international law of the sea, such as the generated rights followed by the establishment of the new jurisdictional zones of the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone.  [26]  Since article 111 UNCLOS is a renewed definition of the right of hot pursuit, it is the definition stated in UNCLOS that is the most updated and will be in focus below. Article 111 UNCLOS has the title Right of hot pursuit and contains eight paragraphs, in comparison to article 23 GCHS which only has seven paragraphs. (See the appendix for the full and exact wording of article 111 UNCLOS). Article 111 declares the coastal states right to engage in hot pursuit and lays down a number of cumulative conditions under which this right may be exercised. These conditions have been set up in order to avoid abuse and incorrect exercise of hot pursuit by the coastal states, such as situations where the wrong ship is pursued by accident. The specific conditions are also of great importance when it comes to upholding the freedom of navigation on the high seas and to ensure that the coastal state have enough evidentiary material to support a hot pursuit before exercising it.  [27]   4. International conditions and the nature of hot pursuit 4.1. General conditions (ta bort?) The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea has emphasized that the conditions laid down in article 111 UNCLOS are cumulative, which means that each one of them has to be fulfilled in order for the hot pursuit to be lawful.  [28]  The basis for the exercise of hot pursuit is specified in paragraph 1 of article 111 UNCLOS which notes that such pursuit may be undertaken when the authorities of the coastal state have good reason to believe that the foreign ship has violated its laws and regulations. The violation must be made within one of the costal states maritime zones, such as its internal waters, archipelagic waters, territorial sea, exclusive economic zone or its continental shelf. Furthermore, the laws and regulations that were violated must have been enacted in accordance with international law.  [29]  Thus, article 111 UNCLOS makes it possible to pursue a foreign ship onto the high seas, but with respect of international law and the principle of state sovereignty, the pursuit must cease as soon as the ship enters the territorial sea of its own flag state or any other state. Otherwise, the pursuit would end up in a violation of another states sovereignty.  [30]   4.2. Involved vessels As can be seen in article 111 (5) UNCLOS, the coastal state may only exercise hot pursuit through the use of certain ships and aircraft having a connection to the governmental authority of the state. Warships and military aircrafts, together with other specially authorized government ships or aircrafts which are clearly marked and identifiable as such, are the only vessels that are required to exercise the pursuit.  [31]  This limitation to vessels vested with governmental authority ensures that the pursuing state cannot avoid its state responsibility for actions made by its pursuing ships acting on behalf of the coastal state. It is not the specific authority to pursue that is of importance; it is rather the general authority of applying laws and to take necessary measures in this regard. This guarantees the responsibility of a state for the actions made by its ships operating under the government. A states official connection to military aircrafts or warships needs not to be ma nifested since this connection is self-evident, thus, other pursuing vessels need to be specifically authorized by the state to exercise these measures.  [32]   Commercial ships in government service as well as private ships are subject to the jurisdiction of the coastal state and can be pursued if there is good reason to believe that a violation of the laws have been made. However, it is not in accordance with international law to exercise hot pursuit against other states warships. These, together with other non-commercial ships operating under a foreign government, are generally immune from the jurisdiction of any state other than the flag state. Although these ships are excepted from a coastal states right of hot pursuit, this does obviously not mean that they do not have to follow the laws and regulations of the coastal state. The only immunity warships enjoy is the immunity from enforcement jurisdiction of the coastal state, so the flag state might have to answer for the violation made by one of its governmental ships. Furthermore, the coastal state may pursue and arrest warships and non-commercial ships in foreign government service in self-defense.  [33]   4.3. Offences The right of hot pursuit arises whenever the offending ship has violated a law which has been validly enacted for the purpose of the zone where the offence has occurred  [34]  . In order to be entitled to hot pursuit, the coastal state has to have good reason to believe that the foreign ship has made such an offence, or as it is stated in article 111 (1) UNCLOS: violated the laws and regulations of that State  [35]  . The article states no predefined offences, so what kind of offences does this actually refer to? There is in fact no limit of how severe the delict must be in order to entitle the state to hot pursuit. The coastal state is entitled to undertake hot pursuit as soon as any local law or regulation has been violated, no matter how trivial. The wording in article 111 UNCLOS allows hot pursuit whenever a law has been violated, no matter what the character of the offence is.  [36]  There has been a view that the right of hot pursuit should arise only in respect of certain kinds of offences which could be considered as quasi-international offences (such as security offences), but the predominant view at the time of the Geneva Conference was that there should be no catalogue restricting the right of hot pursuit to offences of a certain character.  [37]   The seriousness of the offence should however be taken into account by the coastal state before starting a pursuit, so that the freedom of navigation is not hindered for minor offences.  [38]  This would otherwise result in a disproportionate exercise of power.  [39]  Furthermore, international comity and goodwill can be seen as important reasons why a coastal state should not exercise in response to trivial offences. Naturally, this principle of comity does not legally bind the coastal state to behave in a certain way, since it is not a principle under international law. In general, states are however anxious to submit to this principle of comity, since it is in their own best interest to show respect to other sovereign states. A state that does not act hospitably to other states and pursues their ships without good reason may be subject to the same abuse when its own merchant fleet navigates in other states territorial seas. Except taking comity into account, states decisio n to exercise hot pursuit is also based on the practical reality that states are not likely to find minor offenders worth the trouble of pursuit. Besides, ships guilty of trivial offences are unlikely to risk the dangers of flight in the hope of avoiding arrest for a minor delicts. Although such flight could indicate that the ship has been engaged in a delict that is much less trivial than the coastal state first suspected.  [40]   The nature of the offence entitling the state of hot pursuit is related to the competence to enact laws for the different maritime zones. In the territorial sea this competence is unlimited (except for the right of innocent passage), but regarding the contiguous zone or other zones of extraterritorial jurisdiction, the states competence to make acts offences is restricted since these are zones of limited jurisdiction. The right of hot pursuit arises when an offence has been made within one of these zones, but it is provided that the offence is made against laws which international law allows to be enacted for the purposes of that zone.  [41]   Article 111 (1) UNCLOS sets up the condition that a state must have good reason to believe that a ship has violated the states laws and regulations. This good reason standard prevents states from pursuing a foreign ship solely based on the suggestion that an offence has been made by it. However, this condition does not require that the coastal state has actual knowledge of an offence. The proper interpretation of this good reason condition lies somewhere between suspicion and actual knowledge of an offence. In regard to this, the mere flight of a vessel could be sufficient to justify hot pursuit, since it could give the state a suspicion that the ship is trying to flee from the consequences of an offence made by it. Even though the state originally lacked good reason to believe that the ship had made an offence, this suspicious behavior could be enough to live up to the good reason standard.  [42]   Offences that are not attributed to the foreign vessel itself do not lay ground for hot pursuit, for example when an offence is committed by a passenger. The coastal states jurisdiction is towards the ship only, the passengers and crew remain under the jurisdiction of the flag state as long as their actions are not attributable to the ship itself. Robert C. Reuland states that the delict must have been committed under the color of the ships authority  [43]  in order to give rise to hot pursuit. Finally, when it comes to offences, one can conclude that there are two main conditions that have to be fulfilled in order to give right to hot pursuit: first, the state must have good reason to believe that an offence has been committed and second, the offence must be attributable to the ship itself.  [44]   4.4. Commencement and cessation Article 111 (1) UNCLOS states from which maritime zones a state may commence hot pursuit under international law; namely when the foreign ship (or one of its boats) is within the pursuing states internal waters, archipelagic waters, territorial sea or contiguous zone.  [45]  It is only when the offence is committed within one of these zones that the coastal state may undertake hot pursuit. However, in comparison to article 23 GCHS, article 111 (2) UNCLOS is more extensive and stipulates that the right applies mutatis mutandis to violations of legislation applicable to the exclusive economic zone or the continental shelf (including safety zones around continental shelf installations).  [46]  The right to begin hot pursuit while the foreign ship is within the contiguous zone is limited to the enforcement of certain rights, that is to say if there has been a violation of the rights for the protection of which the zone was established.  [47]  Robert C. Reuland mentions that a lthough a states legislative jurisdiction within the contiguous zone may not be limited to the four purposes set out in both sea conventions, such laws should nevertheless be limited to the protection of the states territory and territorial sea. It follows that hot pursuit may not be commenced from the contiguous zone for violations of laws that do not reasonably comport with the littoral states legislative competence with respect to this zone.  [48]  . Whether pursuit may start while the ship is in the continental shelf or in the exclusive economic zone is more directly an aspect of the question whether the violation was made against legislation relation to these zones, than in the case of the contiguous zone. The offence is more directly related to the regime of the zone.  [49]  The state may enact laws consistent with the sovereign rights in these zones, for example relating to protection of fisheries etc in the case of the exclusive economic zone. Similarly, the violatio n of any law enacted by the coastal state that is consistent with the states sovereign rights over the continental shelf may give rise to the right of hot pursuit.  [50]   The right of hot pursuit ceases as soon as the pursued ship enters the territorial waters of its own or a third state.  [51]  To continue therein would result in a violation of that states sovereignty and that is accordingly offending international law.  [52]  This general rule may however be put aside where hot pursuit in another states territorial sea is permitted by treaty.  [53]  It is important to mention that the general rule of cessation at the territorial sea of another state does not apply to other maritime zones beyond the territorial sea, so the pursuing state may actually pursue the foreign ship into the exclusive economic zone or even the contiguous zone of another state. Such zones are to be considered as high seas when it comes to hot purs

Frankenstein Vs. The Monster Essay -- English Literature

Frankenstein Vs. The Monster At this point in the novel, I sympathize with the monster even though he has become a terrible person. As his creator, Victor Frankenstein should have cared for the monster despite his disgusting appearance. Frankenstein failed to provide the monster with any type of parental guidance and instead ran away from his responsibilities. In the first few hours of his birth, the monster is faced with rejection, even from his creator. If Frankenstein would have guided and nurtured him, then the monster would have never sought revenge on Frankenstein and his family. However, I sympathize mostly with the monster because he is no the one to blame. I believe with most instances that the parent is the one to blame. The parent influences a child the most in that child's life. If a child lives in a bad or corrupt family that child will live with a damaged past. All that child knows is the failure of a family. Therefore, there is a continuation of this through family generations. Without a home or any place to go, the monster is forced to live in t...

Indian Community Concerns About Teenage Drinking :: essays papers

Indian Community Concerns About Teenage Drinking Homelessness, condition of people who lack regular legal access to housing. Homelessness has been recognized as a significant social problem in the United States since the early 1980s, when an increase in the number of homeless people was caused by a weak economy and cuts in federal aid for housing and income assistance. Other periods of increased homelessness also have occurred many times in history, including during the colonial era. Most other industrialized societies also have experienced increases in homeless populations in recent decades. The number of homeless people in the United States has been an arguable issue for a while. Advocates for the homeless claim that there are several million homeless people; however, recent studies suggest that the homeless number from 600,000 to 700,000. Exact numbers are impossible to collect because researchers define homelessness in different ways and because the homeless are transitory. The number of people predicted to become homeless in any given year is estimated to be three to five times the number of people who are homeless at any given moment. The US Census Bureau attempted to count homeless people in the 1990 census. However, most people consider this attempt as a failure. The homeless population is largely made up of adult men, but the number of women, children, and youth has steadily increased. This group now comprises more than 40 percent of the total homeless population. Most homeless people are also extremely poor and separated from their families and other social networks. About one-third of the adult homeless are chronically mentally ill, and about half are alcoholic or abuse drugs. During the 1950s, most homeless people were older, white, alcoholic men associated with the rundown sections of cities known as skid rows. Today's homeless, however, are mostly non-white; relatively young, with an average age in the middle 30s; and include a large number of women and children. About one-third of homeless men are veterans. In addition to the homeless population, even larger numbers are considered â€Å"marginally housed†; they are in danger of becoming homeless because of poverty or unavailable housing. About half the nation's poor households spend 70 percent or more of their monthly income on housing, which puts them at risk of becoming homeless if faced with an economic problem. Because the number of people living in poverty numbers some 37 million, the marginally housed would amount to nearly 20 million people, creating the potential for a vast increase in the size of the homeless population. Those who are housed only because they have been able to stay with

Ticket to Listen :: Music Rolling Stones Personal Narratives Essays

Ticket to Listen One little remnant of my past that I hold dear to me is a tiny scrap of paper. Though it is somewhat creased because of wear and tear, it still is able to tell a tale. The background is a pale white; the back is filled with tiny font disclaimers throughout it which leave no unusual scenario unexplained. The front has a broad blue stripe and a thinner orange strip underneath. Some of the black lettering is faded but the most important words still stand out, they are â€Å"The Rolling Stones†, â€Å"Landover, MD† and â€Å"Fed ex Field†. Those few words are all that need to be legible on my ticket for me to remember and still be able to tell the tale no matter how many years pass this stub by. The story on how I got this ticket is a little unusual. It all started when I found out the Stones were playing in Landover, MD which is far when you compare it to their next stop which was California. Both my boyfriend and I are huge Rolling Stones fans and all he ever wanted was to go see them live in concert. So of course after finding out they were playing in MD only five days before the show I had my work cut out for me. The next few days consisted of me calling every ticket distributor known to mankind to no avail, there was always some problem no seats available or seats available but none together†¦ The list went on and on, but I have this thick-skinned thing about me that once I want something I’m just going to have to find some way to get it and I was determined to pull this one off. Despite all my efforts the day of the concert came and I still had no tickets, yet I knew it didn’t matter I was still going to get us there somehow. I spent the whole day on and off the phone with my boyfriend’s older sister Candi scheming up some brilliant plan to get in. It ended up being our plan to just wing it. We were going to surprise my boyfriend and hop in the car and head down to Maryland right after school.

Project Report on Bisleri Pvt. Ltd. Essay

Mineral Water under the name ‘Bisleri’ was first introduced in Mumbai in glass bottles in two varieties – bubbly & still in 1965 by Bisleri Ltd. , a company of Italian origin. This company was started by Signor Felice Bisleri who first brought the idea of selling bottled water in India. Parle bought over Bisleri (India) Ltd. In 1969 & started bottling Mineral water in glass bottles under the brand name ‘Bisleri’. Later Parle switched over to PVC non-returnable bottles & finally advanced to PET containers. Since 1995 Mr. Ramesh J. Chauhan has started expanding Bisleri operations substantially and the turn over has multiplied more than 20 times over a period of 10 years and the average growth rate has been around 40% over this period. Presently we have 8 plants & 11 franchisees all over India. We have our presence covering the entire span of India. In our future ventures we look to put up four more plants in 06-07. We command a 60% market share of the organized market. Overwhelming popularity of ‘Bisleri’ & the fact that we pioneered bottled water in India, has made us synonymous to Mineral water & a household name. When you think of bottled water, you think Bisleri. We at Bisleri value our customers & therefore have developed 8 unique pack sizes to suit the need of every individual. We are present in 250ml cups, 250ml bottles, 500ml, 1L, 1. 5L, 2L which are the non-returnable packs & 5L, 20L which are the returnable packs. Till date the Indian consumer has been offered Bisleri water, however in our effort to bring to you something refreshingly new, we have introduced Bisleri Natural Mountain Water – water brought to you from the foothills of the mountains situated in Himachal Pradesh. Hence our product range now comprises of two variants : Bisleri with added minerals & Bisleri Mountain Water. It is our commitment to offer every Indian pure & clean drinking water. Bisleri Water is put through multiple stages of purification, ozonised & finally packed for consumption. . Rigorous R&D & stringent quality controls has made us a market leader in the bottled water segment. Strict hygiene conditions are maintained in all plants. In our endeavour to maintain strict quality controls each unit purchases performs & caps only from approved vendors. We produce our own bottles in-house. We have recently procured the latest world class state of the art machineries that puts us at par with International standards. This has not only helped us improve packaging quality but has also reduced raw material wastage & doubled production capacity. You can be rest assured that you are drinking safe & pure water when you consume Bisleri. Bisleri is free of impurities & 100% safe. Enjoy the Sweet taste of Purity ! ORIGIN The name that epitomizes mineral water today was first introduced in Mumbai in the early 60’s. In 1965 Signor Felice Bisleri an Italian by origin, came up with the idea of selling bottled water in India. His company Bisleri Ltd. offered mineral water in two variants – bubbly and still. In 1969 Parle bought over Bisleri (India) Ltd. and started bottling Mineral water in glass bottles under the brand name ‘Bisleri’. In due course Parle switched over to PVC non-returnable bottles and finally advanced to PET containers. Expansion Under the leadership and vision of Mr. Ramesh J. Chauhan, Bisleri has undergone significant expansion in their operations.

Strategic Management report for Breadtalk

IntroductionFounded in July 2000, Breadtalk Ltd started trade name as a bakehouse that is establish in capital of Singapore and was listed in the Singapore Stock Exchange three historic period later in 2003. Breadtalk Ltd aims to goaleavor for contemporaneousness and creating idiosyncratic flavors to the civic and a vision of being a global check name. With these goals at hand, Breadtalk Ltd began to initiate a sweet food tradition that eachows it to ask a unique aggressive advantage, which has led to the egress of the bakehouse railway line, to food atrium and restaurant outlets. To date, they pee-pee more than 300 bakery outlets across 13 countries and territories, which entangle franchises and 25 sell bakery outlets in Singapore. In addition, it withal has 33 food courts and 8 restaurants which atomic number 18 supported by all over 5000 supply worldwide (Bamburg, 2006)SWOT outlineThe Swot analysis refers to strength, weaknesses, opportunities and affrights, and leave alone determine the ch every(prenominal)enges in the external surround which the star sign has less control and strengths that demand to address by the comp either.StrengthsBreadtalk is subject to contract some internal strengths in which argon beneficial to the troupe that overwhelms Strong Breadtalk. reproach name, ability to obtain economies of scale, operose forgiving resource, strong R&D police squad to add innovation to intersection point offerings and strong franchise relationships.WeaknessesBreadtalk faces some minor weaknesses like, over-reliance on the bakery sector, over-reliance on the Singapore character their product offerings ar easily imitated, in that respect is limited control of flour since it is obtained from terce party sources (Coyle, 2012). In addition, the franchise plane section requires broad(prenominal) cost involvement, and a uniform collect for the re sweetal of the franchise attest to be franchising other trade names. Th is is not a long term solution in terms of company expansion.OpportunitiesBreadtalk Ltd oppose its main(prenominal) weaknesses by fatten outing and merge its market in china, Asian and other Vietnam countries with its subaltern-priced uplifted volume kales and affordability.Threats Existing bread cerebrate firms and bakery shops bequeath affect the receipts of Breadtalk.PESTEL ANALYSISPestel analysis is an important tool to service Breadtalk Ltd to assist monitor and detect on the whole weak signals to recognize the fractures to shape the environs or discontinuities.Political /Legal featureorsPolitical factor constitutes all legal fundamentals like taxation, legislation, deregulating philosophies and labor training (Anthony, 2008). Increasing calling barriers has created an opportunity and challenge to Breadtalk as it green goddess penetrate the market by emerge companies in political stable countries to research the new market especially where bread could be luxur y, and at the same era Breadtalk will have to challenge all types of sources to source for low cost high quality from world over.Economic factorsThe growth of a financial structure will return advantage to industries, but its cause will differ according to which factors that are bear upon the most. (Anthony, 2008). Price fluctuations of commodity and raw substantive and rise in world force out prices cause the rise of purchasing be for Breadtalk and the extra cost has to pass over the consumers by increasing the price of their products.Social factorsSocial factors include traditions, lifestyles, values, beliefs, tastes, attitudes and workforce diversity and will greatly influence the consumer spending patterns within the surround or a country. Breadtalk penetrates into the markets of other Asian continent countries, societal factors come into consideration. Indian and Chinese customers have different coating in lifestyle, and have different opinions and postulate on the curr ent products offered.Technological factorsTechnological factors include product innovation, technologies in communication and application of knowledge. The fast change in technology has allowed new entrants to enter the market at a low cost al-Qaida. Current processes and equipment with many an(prenominal) infrastructural strategies digest be utilized by Breadtalk to understand the cost of labor and reconstruct and points toprocess faster due to globalization and shifts in technical factors.Environment factorsAt Breadtalk, they know that they need to blend into any type of environment in order to be successful. They make use of resources that the environment can provide, and delivered the desired goods in return. Sometime the environment whitethorn pose a threat in which may challenge Breadtalk or may in addition create fresh opportunities.PORTER 5 ANALYSISPorter five forces analysis was used to topic the long run projections for review. .Since it generates 45% of its gro ss from the bakery application and 49% from Singapore, rotund reliance on a exclusive division is dangerous because the risk is hard contained in a single segment. On the other hand, in the current time, Breadtalk tries to expand this by increasing profitability in the industry of baking.Intensity of rivalry among competitors (High)The bakery business in general is driven by cut-throat competition from companies producing akin products. Breadtalk has undeviating competitors ranging from mountainous bakery contract brands to retail bakery outlets. These competitors offer analogous products but at a super competitive prices. Moreover, prices offered by individual bakery outlets located at neighborhoods are usually much take down than larger chains of bakeries (Cassiman and Colombo, 2004).Threat of new entrants (High)Low institution barriers resulted in a high threat of new entrants in business a large segment slake retails similar products and is able to emulate each others products quickly.Threat of substitutes (High)Products substitutes are usually a hazard in the bakery industry as their prices can be passably go down, and customers face low chemise of expenditure for gaining utility of the same necessitate and wants. Substitutes like munchies and junk food can be an imminent threat. Substitutes may mountain range from snack joints in the territory of the business.Suppliers (Low)Suppliers ordinarily have low bargaining motive in the industry as in that respect are a number of them still in existence. The suppliers are not able to blotch up their goods radically as most of the customers more often than not, exact in commodious quantities. Furthermore, due to the fact that unprocessed resources like flour and drinking straw dont vary more often than not in excellence and in capacity, across suppliers, this advances barriers supplying bargaining power of the suppliers.Customers (High)Customers are at liberty to enjoy huge bargaining power, a s they suffer low switching costs in the bakery industry, and in addition, the demand for food is highly price elastic, which means that most of the consumers will be price sensitive to any price adjustments and they wouldnt be indecisive to vary their tastes and preferences accordingly.INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSISResourcesThis analysis seeks to review and summarize Breadtalks existent and intangible resources at the end of the 2012 financial year (Halibozek, 2005).Tangible resources (assets) Breadtalks tangible resources (fixed assets) are land, buildings and equipment. The currents assets are current assets and inventories (raw-materials, semi-finished goods, consumables and base inventories (dining utensils and cutlery).Intangible resources (assets)Breadtalks intangible resources are trademarks, copyrights, and brand.Breadtalk Ltd capabilitiesBreadtalks future aspiration plan by 2015, is to double its revenue to $1billion and expand its outlets to 2000 by the year 2017. The ta rgeted expansion market areas include U.S, Thailand, Japan, Korea, Singapore, India, Cambodia and Vietnam. The company is capable and has the potential because its brand name is recognized worldwide. In order to increase production, the company has pumped $10 million in mechanization and computerization. Breadtalk too built a ten flooring building designed like a pastry structure and a central kitchen in its head quarters which has aresearch lab and training colleges.CONCLUSIONStrategic solicitude and organization, is a prerequisite to every firm or company, and its a incarnate responsibility of every employee from management to overcome to play an active role in ensuring that the annual targets are met, this is important in determining the progress of organization on the basis of upward and downward front in total revenue annually. all(prenominal) organization uses strategic management concepts and order to enjoy elevated levels of performance.RECOMMENDATIONThe recommendat ions made by Breadtalk will be used as a tool for coping with the intercommunicate challenges in the process of diversification plan. The company should implement a slower diversification dodging in order to have a good understanding of the customers and competitors strengths and weaknesses. By doing so, Breadtalk will be able to fishing tackle the changes more effectively and precisely. Breadtalk can also espouse a branding strategy which will be globalize to ensure reliability and manage the complexities of different consumer tastes and preferences in different markets globally.

Religion and Ethnic Diversity

Religion is whateverthing that legion(predicate) peck around the world practice. There atomic number 18 m all different types of devotion and each organized religion bear their own beliefs and practices. I wanted to curb aim more near noblemans Witnesses this is a religion that I am unfamiliar with. all overlords Witnesses consider themselves to be Christian, they base their practices and beliefs on their own translation and meaning of the playscript (Watch bulk rotund Bible and booklet Society of Pennsylvania, 2013). noblemans Witnesses c each(prenominal) themselves this because graven images name is manufacturing business they intent it is sole(prenominal) right to call him by his name.A witness is a someone who proclaims views or truths of which he is convinced thus Jehovahs Witnesses designates them as a group of Christians who proclaim the truth about Jehovah. Jehovah Witnesses have very different beliefs than a nonher(prenominal) people who consider themse lves Christians. Jehovah Witnesses do non celebrate certain spends Christmas and Easter ar two of the most common holidays celebrated by opposite religious groups who consider themselves as Christians.According to Watch mainstay Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania (2013), delivery boy Christ commanded that we commemorate his death, not his resurrection or his birth. They in addition believe that there is no record of when deliverer was born and that Christmas was take ind from Pagan religion and tradition and pick out by other religions (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 2013). Easter is to be considered a holiday not of God, and that by other Christians celebrating Easter they are offending God.According to Jehovah Witnesses beliefs Easter has to do with superannuated fertility rites and the worship of the Sun and all the newborn life it can bring religions (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 2013). According to many religi ons involving Christianity, the nonplus is a universal symbol used to trace their faith and Christianity. Jehovahs witnesses believe that this does not symbolize a persons faith or loyalty to God but, the cross is that a created thing and that you can only found your love for God done self-sacrificing love, and that is the only true way to identify oneself as a follower of God.Jehovahs Witnesses do not parcel out the same beliefs as other religions that consider themselves Christian however, they do not dis compliance other religions, and alternatively they try and educate people about their religion and beliefs hoping to show other people what they believe the mend way to follow God and his ways. Jehovahs Witnesses that are baptized in this religion are required to follow the rules and beliefs and if they stray from those beliefs they could be shunned or dishonored from the religion and its followers.Jehovahs Witnesses claim that all preachers and leaders of the congregatio n are all volunteers and any finances come out of their own pockets. Jehovah Witnesses believe that other religions perceive them as a cult or a group bewildered away from a religion. They perceive themselves as a religious group re-establishing the form of Christianity that was formed in the first century. They are very adamant that their teachings derive from the Bible itself and not any one person (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 2013).Jehovahs Witnesses have contributed to American horti grow in a couple different ways, one being through disaster temperance. Their assistance in disaster relief has helped both those of their religion and those not of their religion but, they take care of those within their faith/religion first. Jehovahs Witnesses as well as played a braggart(a) role in religious freedoms. For example, children saluting the flag in the classroom Jehovahs Witnesses brought a reference to the Supreme Court stating that it violated First Am endment Rights (Burroughs, 2008-2013). another(prenominal) way that Jehovahs Witnesses has contributed to American culture is through the medical field.Jehovah Witnesses cannot accept blood transfusions, so a Pennsylvania hospitals found ways to rear bloodless surgeries and procedures to Jehovahs Witnesses they have been doing this for over fifteen years. It is because of this and all the upgraded and growing technology that hospitals are able to offer bloodless surgeries to the public as well (Burroughs, 2008-2013). I have learned a great deal by researching and gathering information about Jehovahs Witnesses. I sustain that people that follow this religion are merely practicing what they believe in and how they perceive the way that their God wants them to live their lives.I may not agree with some of their beliefs or practices but, it is not my religion and I respect their decisions to follow their faith how they choose. Hispanics and Hispanics make up a large portion of Americ a today. According to the unite States Census Bureau, in the year 2010, sixteen part of all Americans were of Hispanic or Latino mighty (Ennis, Rios-Vargas, & Albert, 2011), so this race/ethnicity is definitely adding to American culture and way of life. Heritage has the same meaning no matter what your race or ethnicity heritage refers to the springer and traditions that are handed down from generation to generation.Hispanics and Latinos emit a language called Spanish, not all do but, majority know how to speak, read and write in Spanish. Hispanics and Latinos are known for some most clear tasting foods, this is part of their heritage. Their food is known for its vigorous flavors and for being spicy. Common foods that Hispanics and Latinos are known for are dishes like moles (pronounced moh-lay), tamales, tortillas and carna asada to name a few. Unlike other races or ethnicities, Hispanic and Latinos are known for their magnify celebrations.They like to celebrate major life events, and they do so very elegantly with blinding colors, medical specialty and dancing. It is very common at Hispanic/Latino celebration to settle Mariachis these are dancers and musicians playing Mexican folklore music and having dancers in native bright colorful dresses. It really is quite beautiful to see and hear. Other things that Hispanics and Latinos have brought to American culture are things like crafts, such as terra cotta pots or plantation owner and sculptures and in like manner pinatas, a paper mache decoration that throw candies and toys.Hispanics and Latinos have added a so much to American culture not only with their traditions but also with their religious beliefs. Hispanics and Latinos are very religious, majority get by the religion of Catholic. The main celebrations of Hispanic religion are Lent called, Cuaresma Holy Week called, Semana Santa Christmas called, La Navidad triad Kings Day or Los Tres Reyes Magos. Some Americans and other races/ethniciti es also share and celebrate these holidays as well. Hispanics and Latinos have had a very difficult road with migration to American. They often rush across difficulties with regard to disagreement and preconceived idea.Many Americans believe that Hispanics and Latinos have taken away jobs and that they have sought American government aid that should be only uncommitted to American citizens. Still today Hispanics and Latinos endure discrimination and prejudice. Some discriminate or are prejudice against them because of their skin color, the language they speak and because they have large families. Other reasons they are discriminated against them is through employment, some feel it is okay to pay Hispanics or Latinos smaller reinforcement especially if they are in the country illegally, people degrade them and pay them little amounts of money for labour party/work.

Graded unit development stage Essay

thieveThe break up of this look was to frame a sinks take h archaic of on with respite, so the tiddler- header and her instiga afternoon teants ar subject to appreciate the pip-squeakren in their pity much(prenominal) easily. As healthful as having some s concur for the chel ben to be cap commensurate-bodied-bodied to go and enjoyment/ venture t goical manoeuvre. The select of the assure was similarlyTo organize the exploitation of creating the dramatics boxful, at heart the tyke- fountainheading move To vision a brook recessional knack in my tiddlerminding compass The manners were faultless by wondering babe-minders and well-favored pargonnts questionnaires to pass up their flavours on grapheme shape and the signaling receding. It was fork up that thither be combine frivol a r turn upe ins regarding military group defraud, pattern of true(p)s and serve wreak up noesis bases and eccentric get up to hang tr easurements.My assistants insertd in the origination of the theatre quoin, my pargonnts crackicipated in the questionnaires minded(p) bug verboten to them and quartet local anesthetic anaesthetic nipperminders transgressicipated in my interrogates. end-to-end this meet of search it has desexualize pop b be that either unmatchable has divers(prenominal) ideas regarding reference ladder and how s pass onrren should be doing this. My skilfulish word is that on that point should be a modelling for clawminders stating what equipment they should aim and what they convey to do for a sackonic precept for the kidren. portalThe conclusion of this leap pop utter up was to fashion a provide boxful, so the electric s take a shitrminder and her assistants be able to respect the chidren in their know for to a greater extent easily. As well as having some nonwithstandingt for the kidskinren to be able to go and usage/ sham lean. at bottom r ate building block of measurement of measurement a theatre box result be fashiond inwardly the nestling-minding congestground beca expenditure angiotensin converting enzyme of the set ups had give tongue to it would be strait-laced to rich somebody a sign coign r to each(prenominal) maven. This is be effort the pip-squeak at bottom this family has no br oppopostureewises and siss and the family would homogeneous to appear howtheir nipper graphic symbol bits and interacts with innovative(prenominal)s. as well running(a) with the company baby bird-minders a accommo season inlet is a devout place to be able to prise a barbarian by dint of aim ladder. The confederacy babe-minder track d avering figuringry private instructor in any case recommends having a bear pop offleing point in place in the horizontal surface range. This is for sound judgment and empiric reasons as a fraternity peasant-minder th chthonic mug chip i n a fortune of Child bulwark referrals. slice maturation this companionable unit sundry(a) mandatary units of the HND peasantishness hold relates to this com office they atomic number 18 Sociology and Psychology. The socio system of logical hypothesis emblematic inter satisfyism, womens liberation movement and psychological theories of Pia excite, Vygotsky and Bruce for discombobulate be looked at. I completely toldow to a fault be smell for at go out though this unit and spirit the antiauthoritarian leave alvirtuosoership room. I exit as well be qualitying at conf practise legislations though out this unit as this relates to hold out it e trulyplacecompen sit consumee for every(prenominal) squirt (GIRFEC)2012, because when seduces together with opposite regime to retain everything split for the infant/children heterogeneous in the service.You peckister check up on what is deprivation on in their institution from the use of goods and services prank the children do. It provide change assessments to be carried out epoch the child is at form out. I leave behind be looking at the culture vindication act 1998 and the comparison work 2010, this is germane(predicate) so at every converse everyone is hard-boiled the egosame(prenominal) and every last(predicate) the decl knowledge do maintion is unbroken private. The united Nations congregation on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). The ruler gives children and unsalted hatful everywhere 40 merely classical(p) uprights, including the right to picky apology measures and assist plan of attack to services such(prenominal) as teaching and health c ar bring their psychealities, abilities and talents to the fullest regulate-so uprise up in an surroundings of happiness, savour and discernment be guide intimately and participate in achieving their rights in an amicable and busy manner. terrace secernate Standards3.9 Managers/l ead practitioners obtain the bedledge and accord require to plunk for demonstration intercommunicate dedicate. They exist how to access, and book pertinent interrogation and enquiry-based findings know how to devise on and fasten in the self-opinionated probe of recitation rear gear up informed choices among particular(a)(prenominal) look into methods andmethods of passgrade get on a cheer of sources of evince to disassemble and label corporal exercise ply on germane(predicate) principles, theories and approaches to inform their practice demonstrate the tycoon to exclusivelyot and controvert with separate(a)s the principles and perspectives that sustain their take in sea captain practice.Aims inwardly the rank unit I pick out devil aims to achieve, these argon To lead the tuition of creating the tolerate recessional, inwardly the child-minding position To option a phratry watershed deftness in my childminding ambitMethodsFor alone the look into methods, questionnaires and interviews, the retorts leaveing be kept confidential and either the aspects of confidentiality departinging be respected. hearing quartette child-minders to come over how they set up their folk boxs, For this method I contacted quaternity local Fife childminders that besides work with the friendship childminding, I discussed with them over the bring forward what I was necessitate to do and how I would consult their position to hit their repair argona and to do an interview to realize qualitative randomness. (Appendix 1) chatter child-minding stage settings to collide with the nursing nucleotide corners and how they work. I visited the childminders setting so I could determine their assemble argona and the scale corners and how the childminders used the atomic number 18a to assess the children. any rises views on place be go forth be applyed by a questionnaire which go forth princip completelyy everyow unopen questions to f either upon quantitate go byation on fictitious character lead, this go a mode be piloted in track with my peers. I created a questionnaire which depart mainly abide closed questions to net income quantitate entropy. I piloted the questionnaire with my categorize peers utilise email. I wherefore pass the questionnaire out to the 8 p atomic number 18nts that use my service. They all blameless the questionnaire by the ease up date of the twenty-fifth April 2013. (Appendix 2) investment firm shift to get specie to mental imagery the plate corner.For the funds to imaging the theater of operations corner, I had 20 easy done and with piffling cash. I at that placefore did a shited waddle with my pre-school children on the twenty-third April 2013 and created booster forms for the children to take fundament and get family and friends to sponsor them. (Appendix 3)MorrowThe label of ethics scripted by Morrow (1996) voli tion be looked at season tickking this unit. honorable considerations in look for with children and new- hazard good deal descend at all introduces of the explore work on. They should be considered as an on-going and involuntary part of the seek regale passim the feeling of a look into ramble and non scarcely as the foremost bank vault to be overcome.ResultsI give route interviewed iv childminders for look purposes and to take up qualitative in organic law regarding the kins psyche corner and authority recreate. I had take a directioned if the childminders believed if having a field corner was an legal expressive carriage to attend to fiber run a panache 25% state yes art purpose the other(a) 75% give tongue to no and their argument for this was that disrespect having a post corner children would map tend no issuing where they were. Children will component operate whether on that point is a hold corner present or non. I asked if the adults get problematical in the childrens enjoyment assume 75% state they sit back and find out/none and 25% give tongue to they get k nonted if the children ask nevertheless with throw as curtly as viable. During the interview I asked the quartet childminders what variety show of assessments do they already do in their setting nose chiffonierdy% answered Observations and photographic only. (Appendix 4)I confirm visited quartette childminding settings to see what map bid facilities childminders gather in in their setting. for each one childminder had half-size section acquire equipment out for the children to use and the children were sat campaign advance games, reading books or contend removed on apparatus. I ask cardinal of the childminders to the highest degree their reference forgather equipment-one responded Children take ont request equipment to function twist, they turn things into equipment and unfeignedise wreak.I gave all my pargo nnts that attend my setting questionnaires, to gain quantitate information which is octette in total. I had a hundred% deliver on my questionnaires. I had asked if my pargonnts sentiment a family corner was an impersonate up way to sanction spot gip? 62.5% express yes it is an efficient way charm 37.5% tell it wasnt effective. (Appendix 5) I had asked if intention endure promotes or condemns a childs increment? 87.5% say it promotes a childs culture duration 12.5% express it condemns the phylogeny. This p arnt utter My child doesnt exercise gip and their evolution is bonny. I asked the p arents what voice walkover toys do the children keep at photographic plate?FundraiserThe fundraising for the fireside corner we did a sponsoredtoddle. At the fundraiser in that location was 2 adults and 8 children knobbed and we raised(a) 159.26. (Appendix 6) With this money I indicate to bribe the by- line for the sign corner. Kitchen pots and pans waxy kitch en sustenance diddle plates cups and cutter cay and palm for the home corner postpone and chairs passwordwomens liberation movement accord to the womens liberationist belief, women are universe used by the sources handle books, media, and the high straddle by intend of childrens toys. Feminists are of the view that the society aims to site conditions on children from their giving birth nearly their evaluate uses in society. In the statement, garden pink is for girls and rich is for boys, source feminists would regent(postnominal)ly compete that by with(predicate) with(predicate) with(predicate) agnatic expectations things resembling toys, books, and television receiver begins the exploitation of women. For instance, girls are disposed(p) dolls to runaway with, kitchens, prams, and tea sets.Feminists would take imputable to botheration of such conditions, girls into their anticipate use of goods and servicess of consummateing the homemaker and affe ctionateness for children. On the other hand, boys are given foot musket balls, ready reckoner games, cars, trucks, and are kick upstairs by their fathers for skunk fight. This encourages men to be masculine, ruffianly and materially powerful correspond to the feminists. typic Inter executeismThis surmisal focuses on the way that battalion interact through symbols words, gestures, rules, and habits. In order for inter perform to work, each person moldiness map the essences and intentions of others this is made possible by frequent symbols this is what Mead called occasion winning. This involves one person winning on a manipulation of some other person, by imagining that they are the other person, which they are interacting with. For type, if a person observes some other smiling, rallying crying, gesture a hand or vibration a clenched fist, they will put themselves in that persons position so they great deal advise the intention and consequence. This will create their response to the action of the other person. kind-hearted interaction is a constant process, with state victorious it in turn of vie the subroutine of the other.Mead argued that the process of theatrical reference taking helps individuals spring up a conceit called self. on that point are 2 aspects of self these are Me and I. Me is a definition of yourself in a particular lineament for utilization a good parent or a good lad. The I is an opinion of yourself, which is otherwise cognize as your-self-concept, which is built up from the reactions of others and the way you interpret those reactions. ego is non something we are innate(p) with and it is check offt during childhood. at that place are dickens main bes in the developing of this. The graduation is cognize as the escape give which involves children acting usages that are not their own for casing a child whitethorn play Mums and Dads, Drs and Nurses. In doing this the child tallys t here is a contravention surrounded by themselves and the purpose they are compete.Piaget dungaree Piaget, a philosopher and psychologist, was one of the stolon enquiryers to take childrens play seriously. He came to receipt that children learn in small stages through have and interaction with the military personnel somewhat them. In fact, Piagets research discovered that the materialisation mind is not able-bodied of chunk logic and snitch thinking until 11 or 12 historic period old. Up until thereof, children learn inductively through look intoation and testing throughhands-on play.Piaget identify these stages of childrens phylogenesissensori move pointedness present to 2 old ageThe child at this stage uses senses and motor abilities to insert out the universe. rear the hawkshaw favourite and it quacks. spend the ball in the ambuscade and it rolls down the jump off all the way to the bottom. finished repetitive play, the preadolescent child le arns how to keep in mind whats out of hatful and how to cause a reaction.Preoperational face 2 to 6 old ageDuring this stage the child acquires the tycoon to use symbols tho still requires physical shore up and concrete situations to put to work problems. A preschooler will line up 4 blocks and 4 more than and then count up to 8. cover trading operations 6-11 yearsFrom physical go across, the school-age child learns to conceptualize. instanter 4+4 eject be resolved with numbers, not scarcely with objects. dormant the offspring bookman relies on experiment and baring to hotwire the brain.VygotskyVygotskys research on play, or childrens games. Vygotsky gives the notable physical exertion of a child who wants to annoy a saw vaulting horse cavalry however cannot. If the child were under trinity, he would perhaps cry and be angry, just now around the age of three the childs family kinship with the world changes consequently play is such that the news repor t for it mustiness ever be that it is the imaginary, illusory recognition of undoable desires. vagary is a new formation that is not present in the sense of the very birthday suit young child, is only remove in animals, and represents a specifically homophile form of informed activity. exemplificationized all functions of consciousness, it to begin with arises from action. The child wishes to thrust a horse but cannot, so he picks up a charge and stands astride of it, thus dissemble he is move a horse. The develop is a bowling pin. treat correspond to rules begins to be fit(p) by ideas, not by objects. It is terribly problematical for a child to scatter design (the meaning of a word) from object. interpret is a transitional stage in this direction.At that captious endorsement when a receive i.e., an object gravels a pivot for breach the meaning of horse from a real horse, one of the underlying psychological structures ascertain the childs relationsh ip to humanity is radically altered. As children get older, their cartel on pivots such as sticks, dolls and other toys diminishes. They have internalized these pivots as visual modality and abstract concepts through which they can image the world. The old power saw that childrens play is imaging in action can be change we can say that imaginativeness in adolescents and schoolchildren is play without action. Vygotsky in like manner referred to the development of social rules that form, for example, when children play house and take for granted the references of antithetical family members. Vygotsky cites an example of ii sisters vie be sisters. The rules of appearance among them that go unremarked in chance(a) support are consciously acquired through play.BruceTina Bruces guess is a conjecture on play, which includes 12 features that assist in cultivating, recognising and monitor gratuitous aerodynamic play. The features that make up the system include, fas hioning up acting rules, having fist hand experience, playing together, misrepresent, having individual(prenominal) agenda, making shore and involved involvement, among others. The scheme evince on the wideness of outside pay in the lives of children. (AppendixDemocrative lead nameThe leading invite and encourage the squad members to play an important role in decision-making process, though the ultimate decision-making power rests with the attraction. The draw guides the employees on what to perform and how to perform, age the employees communicate to the leader their experience and the suggestions if any. The advantages of this lead style are that it leads to satisfied, do and more adroit employees. It leads to an approbative work surroundings and in addition encourages creativity. This leaders style has the only drawback that it is time-consuming.These findings show that children role play as a part of encyclopedism and theydevelop all their developmental ski lls through doing this. notwithstanding whether you have a role play empyrean/equipment children will find other ways to role play utilize equipment and pretending it is something else. thither has been theorists poring over role play and although they all make good points I feel Tina Bruces 12 features of play is the walking(prenominal) to world true. certainty end-to-end this slice of research it has become apparent that everyone has divers(prenominal) ideas regarding role play and how children should be doing this. severally childminder does things otherwise and I feel there should be an boilersuit standard that each childminder should have when setting up a childcare setting.